Which document is a court order used to access financial records in civil cases?

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In civil cases, obtaining financial records requires a court-issued order. A judicial subpoena is the formal instrument from the court that compels a financial institution to produce specific documents, such as bank statements or ledgers, and it carries enforceable court authority. This ensures the records are provided even if a party would not voluntarily disclose them. Grand jury subpoenas are tied to criminal proceedings, not civil discovery. A search warrant authorizes a police-led search of premises or records in criminal investigations, not civil discovery. A general subpoena can exist, but its enforceability as a court order in civil discovery is not as reliably binding as a judicial subpoena.