Which term describes heavy penalties for sanctions violations?

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Heavy penalties for sanctions violations are described as substantial fines. Regulators impose civil and criminal penalties when banks or individuals fail to comply with sanctions programs, and these fines can be sizable, sometimes assessed per violation and totaling very large amounts. The other terms describe actions or designations rather than the punishment itself: misinterpretation of regulations is a compliance error, a sanctioned country is simply a country that is restricted under sanctions, and facilitating transactions refers to helping prohibited activity. So, substantial fines best conveys the idea of heavy monetary penalties.